the north pole

arctŏs (nom. arctos, Verg. G. 1, 246; acc. arcton, Ov. M. 2, 132; 13, 293; id. F. 2, 192; Verg. G. 1, 138:

arctum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 42, 109 (in verse); nom. plur. arctoe (as in Ter. Adelphoe for Adelphi), Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 105, and Arat. Phaen. 441 B. and K.; C. German. Arat. 25 and 63), i, f. (cf. Rudd. I. p. 27; Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 650 sq.; 129; 131), = arktos.

Lit., the Great and the Lesser Bear (Ursa Major et Minor;

syn.: ursa, plaustrum, Septentrio), a double constellation (hence, geminae,

Ov. M. 3, 45; Prop. 3, 15, 25) in the vicinity of the north pole; cf. Hyg. Astr. 2, 1 sq. Among the poets, on account of its place in the north, gelidae arcti, Ov. M. 4, 625; Verg. A. 6, 16; cf. Hor. C. 1, 26, 3;

and since it never sets to our hemisphere, immunis aequoris,

Ov. M. 13, 293:

aequoris expers,

id. ib. 13, 727:

metuens aequore tingui,

Verg. G. 1, 246 (an imitation of the Homeric: ammoros loetrôn Ôkeanoio, Il. 18, 489; Od. 5, 275; cf. also Arat. Phaen. 48: Arktoi kuaneou pephulagmenai Ôkeanoio).—

Metaph.

The north pole, Ov. M. 2, 132.—

The night (cf. luna), Prop. 3, 15, 25.—

The people dwelling in the north, Luc. 3, 74:

post domitas Arctos,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 246; id. VI. Cons. Hon. 336.—

The north wind, Hor. C. 2, 15, 16.

pŏlus, i, m., = polos.

Lit., the end of an axis, a pole ( poet. and postAug.):

terra a verticibus duobus, quos appellaverunt polos, centrum caeli est, nec non Signiferi oblique inter eos siti,

Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 63; 2, 70, 71, § 179; Ov. M. 2, 75; id. P. 2, 7, 64:

polus glacialis,

the north pole, id. M. 2, 173;

or, gelidus,

id. H. 18, 152; also absol., the north pole, id. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

polus australis,

id. M. 2, 131;

or, austrinus,

the south pole, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 56.—

Transf.

The polar star, Vitr. 9, 6 fin. —

The heavens, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 14 (Trag. Rel. p. 190 Rib.); Verg. A. 3, 586; 5, 721; Hor. C. 1, 28, 6; 3, 29, 44; id. Epod. 17, 77; Val. Fl. 1, 622:

immensi parva figura poli,

Ov. F. 6, 278.

Pŏlus, i, m., a celebrated Greek tragic actor, Gell. 7, 5, 2.

pŏlus, i, m., = polos.

Lit., the end of an axis, a pole ( poet. and postAug.):

terra a verticibus duobus, quos appellaverunt polos, centrum caeli est, nec non Signiferi oblique inter eos siti,

Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 63; 2, 70, 71, § 179; Ov. M. 2, 75; id. P. 2, 7, 64:

polus glacialis,

the north pole, id. M. 2, 173;

or, gelidus,

id. H. 18, 152; also absol., the north pole, id. Tr. 4, 3, 15:

polus australis,

id. M. 2, 131;

or, austrinus,

the south pole, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 56.—

Transf.

The polar star, Vitr. 9, 6 fin. —

The heavens, Att. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 14 (Trag. Rel. p. 190 Rib.); Verg. A. 3, 586; 5, 721; Hor. C. 1, 28, 6; 3, 29, 44; id. Epod. 17, 77; Val. Fl. 1, 622:

immensi parva figura poli,

Ov. F. 6, 278.

Pŏlus, i, m., a celebrated Greek tragic actor, Gell. 7, 5, 2.

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cardo, ĭnis, m. [cf. kradê, a swing; kradainô, to swing, wave; Sanscr. kurd, a spring, a leap; old Germ. hrad, lively, and Germ. reit in bereit, ready] (f., Gracch. ap. Prisc. p. 683 P.; Graius ap. Non. p. 202, 20; cf. infra in Vitr.), the pivot and socket, upon which a door was made to swing at the lintel and the threshold, the hinge of a door or gate, Enn. Trag. 119 Vahl.:

paene ecfregisti foribus cardines,

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 6; id. As. 2, 3, 8:

postis a cardine vellit Aeratos,

Verg. A. 2, 480:

cardo stridebat,

id. ib. 1, 449; cf. id. Cir. 222:

num muttit cardo?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 94:

immoti,

Plin. 16, 43, 84, § 230:

singuli,

id. 36, 15, 24, § 117:

facili patuerunt cardine valvae,

Juv. 4, 63:

versato cardine Thisbe Egreditur,

opening the door, Ov. M. 4, 93; cf. Verg. A. 3, 448:

nec strepitum verso Saturnia cardine fecit,

Ov. M. 14, 782 al. —

Meton.

Cardines, in mechanics, beams that were fitted together; and specifically, cardo masculus, a tenon, Vitr. 9, 6, and cardo femina, a socket, a mortise, id. 9, 6:

cardo securiclatus,

axeshaped tenon, a dovetail, id. 10, 15, 3.— Hence,

In garlands, the place where the two ends meet, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 18.—

In astron., the point about which something turns, a pole. So of the North pole:

caeli,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4:

mundi,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 89; cf.: extremusque adeo duplici de cardine vertex Dicitur esse polus, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Ov. P. 2, 10, 45; Stat. Th. 1, 349:

cardo glacialis ursae,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1139:

Arctoae cardo portae,

Stat. Th. 7, 35;

hence anal. to this, with the agrimensores,

the line limiting the field, drawn through from north to south, Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 326; 17, 22, 35, § 169; cf. Fest. s. v. decimanus, p. 71 Müll., and accordingly the mountain Taurus is called cardo, i. e. line or limit, Liv. 37, 54, 23; cf. id. 40, 18, 8; 41, 1, 3.—Of the four cardinal points of the world, Quint. 12, 10, 67; so, Hesperius Eous, Luc. 5, 71; Stat. Th. 1, 157:

occiduus,

Luc. 4, 672:

medius,

id. 4, 673.— Of the earth as the centre of the universe, acc. to the belief of the ancients, Plin. 2, 64, 64, § 160; 2, 9, 6, § 44.—Of the intersection of inclined surfaces:

reperiuntur (aquae)... quodam convexitatis cardine aut montium radicibus,

Plin. 31, 3, 26, § 43.—Of the summer solstice:

anni,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264; and so of the epochs of the different seasons:

temporum,

id. 18, 25, 58, § 218; 18, 25, 59, § 220.—Hence, of the time of life:

extremus,

old age, Luc. 7, 381.—

Trop., that on which every thing else turns or depends, the chief point or circumstance (so not before the Aug. per.):

haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum,

at such a turn of affairs, so great a crisis, in so critical a moment, decisive, Verg. A. 1, 672 (hoc est in articulo, Serv.; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 7, 6; Gr. akmê):

fatorum in cardine summo,

Stat. Th. 10, 853: litium. Quint. 12, 8, 2:

causae,

id. 5, 12, 3:

satellitem in quo totius dominationis summa quasi quodam cardine continetur,

Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 5:

unum eligamus in quo est summum ac principale, in quo totius sapientiae cardo versatur,

Lact. 3, 7, 6.

axis, is, m. [kindred with Gr. axôn; Sanscr. akshas = axle, wheel; old Germ. Ahsa; mod. Germ. Achse; Engl. axle, Bopp, Gloss. p. 2, a; cf. Aufrecht, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachf. 8, p. 71].

Lit., an axletree, about which a round body, e.g. a wheel, turns:

faginus axis,

Verg. G. 3, 172:

axes aerii,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 7, 30;

7, 33: axis versatilis,

ib. Eccli. 33, 5 al. — Meton. (pars pro toto), a chariot, car, wagon, Ov. M. 2, 59; id. H. 4, 160; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1442; Sil. 16, 360 al.— Plur., Ov. M. 2, 148; 4, 634.—

Transf.

The axle of a water-clock, Vitr. 9, 6.—

The axis of the earth: mundum versari circum axem caeli, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 123; id. Tim. 10; Lucr. 6, 1107.—Hence, meton.

The pole, Luc. 7, 422:

axis inocciduus,

id. 8, 175:

meridianus,

Vitr. 6, 1.—

Esp., the north pole, Lucr. 6, 720; Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; Verg. G. 2, 271; 3, 351; Ov. P. 4, 7, 2; Manil. 4, 589.—

The whole heavens:

maximus Atlas Axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum,

Verg. A. 4, 482; 6, 536; Ov. M. 1, 255; 2, 75; 2, 297; 6, 175; id. Tr. 1, 2, 46; Stat. Th. 5, 86; id. S. 3, 3, 76 al.—Hence, sub axe, under the open heaven, Verg. A. 2, 512; 8, 28.—

A region of the heavens, a clime:

boreus,

the north, Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 41:

hesperius,

the west, id. M. 4, 214; Luc. 3, 359.—

A pin or hook on which a hinge turns, Stat. Th. 1, 346.—

The valve of a pipe, Vitr. 10, 12.—

Axes volutarum, in archit., the axes of a volute, Vitr. 3, 3.—

A board, plank, Caes. B. C. 2, 9; Vitr. 4, 2; 7, 1; Col. 6, 30, 2; Plin. 36, 25, 62, § 187; Luc. 3, 455; Gell. 2, 12 al.—

An unknown wild animal in India, Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.

septentrĭōnes ( septemptrĭōnes), um (sing. and tmesis, v. infra), m. [septemtrio; prop. the seven plough-oxen; hence, as a constellation],

Lit., the seven stars near the north pole ( called also the Wain, and the Great or Little Bear): neque se septentriones quoquam in caelo commovent, Plant. Am. 1, 1, 117; Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.

in tmesi: quas nostri septem soliti vocitare Triones,

id. Arat. in N. D. 2, 41, 105; so,

gurgite caeruleo septem prohibete triones,

Ov. M. 2, 528.— Sing.:

septentrio non cernitur,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 83; so,

major,

the Great Bear, Vitr. 6, 11:

minor,

the Little Bear, Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 111; Vitr. 1. 1.—

Transf.

The northern regions, the north (as a quarter of the heavens).

Plur.:

satis notum est, limites regionesque esse caeli quattuor: exortum, occasum, meridiem, septentriones,

Gell. 2, 22, 3 sq.:

inflectens sol cursum tum ad septentriones, tum ad meridiem, aestates et hiemes efficit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 1, 16; 4, 20; 5, 13; 7, 83; Mel. 2, 6, 3; 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1.—

Sing.:

latus oriens spectat: septentrio a Macedoniā obicitur,

Liv. 32, 13; Mel. 1, 1, 1; 2, 6, 3; Sen. Q. N. 5, 16; Tac. A. 2, 23; 13, 53; id. H. 5, 6 al.—In tmesi:

Hyperboreo septem subjecta trioni Gens,

Verg. G. 3, 381; Ov. M. 1, 64.—

Plur.:

ex eā die fuere septentriones venti,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3.—

Sing.:

acer septentrio ortus inclinatum stagnum eodem, quo aestus, ferebat,

Liv. 26, 45:

a septentrionali latere summus est aquilo, medius septentrio, imus thrascias,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 6.—

Sing., northern countries, the north (as territory;

very rare): totum paene Orientem ac Septentrionem ruinā suā involvit,

Flor. 3, 5, 21.

septentrĭōnes ( septemptrĭōnes), um (sing. and tmesis, v. infra), m. [septemtrio; prop. the seven plough-oxen; hence, as a constellation],

Lit., the seven stars near the north pole ( called also the Wain, and the Great or Little Bear): neque se septentriones quoquam in caelo commovent, Plant. Am. 1, 1, 117; Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.

in tmesi: quas nostri septem soliti vocitare Triones,

id. Arat. in N. D. 2, 41, 105; so,

gurgite caeruleo septem prohibete triones,

Ov. M. 2, 528.— Sing.:

septentrio non cernitur,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 83; so,

major,

the Great Bear, Vitr. 6, 11:

minor,

the Little Bear, Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 111; Vitr. 1. 1.—

Transf.

The northern regions, the north (as a quarter of the heavens).

Plur.:

satis notum est, limites regionesque esse caeli quattuor: exortum, occasum, meridiem, septentriones,

Gell. 2, 22, 3 sq.:

inflectens sol cursum tum ad septentriones, tum ad meridiem, aestates et hiemes efficit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4; Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 1, 16; 4, 20; 5, 13; 7, 83; Mel. 2, 6, 3; 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1.—

Sing.:

latus oriens spectat: septentrio a Macedoniā obicitur,

Liv. 32, 13; Mel. 1, 1, 1; 2, 6, 3; Sen. Q. N. 5, 16; Tac. A. 2, 23; 13, 53; id. H. 5, 6 al.—In tmesi:

Hyperboreo septem subjecta trioni Gens,

Verg. G. 3, 381; Ov. M. 1, 64.—

Plur.:

ex eā die fuere septentriones venti,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3.—

Sing.:

acer septentrio ortus inclinatum stagnum eodem, quo aestus, ferebat,

Liv. 26, 45:

a septentrionali latere summus est aquilo, medius septentrio, imus thrascias,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 16, 6.—

Sing., northern countries, the north (as territory;

very rare): totum paene Orientem ac Septentrionem ruinā suā involvit,

Flor. 3, 5, 21.

Cynŏsūra, ae, f., = Kunosoura (hound's-tail).

The constellation at the north pole, the Cynosura, or Lesser Bear, Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66; id. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 105 and 106; Caes. Germ. Arat. 187; Ov. F. 3, 107 al.—Hence,

Cynŏsūris, ĭdis, f. adj., of or pertaining to the Cynosura:

Ursa,

the Lesser Bear, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 7:

cauda,

Caes. Germ. Arat. 189.—

A town in Arcadia, Stat. Th. 4, 295.

Parrhăsĭa ( Parră-), ae, f., = Parrasia, a town of Arcadia, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 20.—Hence,

Parrhăsis, ĭdis, f. adj., Parrhasian; poet. for Arcadian:

Parrhasis ursa,

the Great Bear, Ov. H. 18, 152:

Arctos,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 48:

Parrhasides stellae, i. e. septemtriones,

id. F. 4, 577.— Subst.:

Parrhasis erubuit,

i. e. Callisto, Ov. M. 2, 460.—

Parrhăsĭus, a, um, adj., Arcadian:

Parrhasius Evander,

Verg. A. 11, 31:

dea,

i. e. Carmenta, the mother of Evander, Ov. F. 1, 618:

nives,

id. ib. 2, 276:

virgo,

i. e. Callisto, id. Tr. 2, 190: pennae, i. e. given by Mercury, who was an Arcadian, Luc. 9, [p. 1306] 660:

triones,

Charles's Wain, Mart. 6, 58, 1;

called also Parrhasium jugum,

id. 6, 25, 2:

ursa,

the Great Bear, id. 4, 11, 3:

axis,

the north pole, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1281.—

Transf., Palatine, imperial (because Evander the Arcadian settled on the Palatine Hill):

Parrhasia domus,

Mart. 7, 56, 2:

aula,

id. 7, 99, 3; 8, 36, 3; 12, 15, 1.

Parrhăsĭa ( Parră-), ae, f., = Parrasia, a town of Arcadia, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 20.—Hence,

Parrhăsis, ĭdis, f. adj., Parrhasian; poet. for Arcadian:

Parrhasis ursa,

the Great Bear, Ov. H. 18, 152:

Arctos,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 48:

Parrhasides stellae, i. e. septemtriones,

id. F. 4, 577.— Subst.:

Parrhasis erubuit,

i. e. Callisto, Ov. M. 2, 460.—

Parrhăsĭus, a, um, adj., Arcadian:

Parrhasius Evander,

Verg. A. 11, 31:

dea,

i. e. Carmenta, the mother of Evander, Ov. F. 1, 618:

nives,

id. ib. 2, 276:

virgo,

i. e. Callisto, id. Tr. 2, 190: pennae, i. e. given by Mercury, who was an Arcadian, Luc. 9, [p. 1306] 660:

triones,

Charles's Wain, Mart. 6, 58, 1;

called also Parrhasium jugum,

id. 6, 25, 2:

ursa,

the Great Bear, id. 4, 11, 3:

axis,

the north pole, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1281.—

Transf., Palatine, imperial (because Evander the Arcadian settled on the Palatine Hill):

Parrhasia domus,

Mart. 7, 56, 2:

aula,

id. 7, 99, 3; 8, 36, 3; 12, 15, 1.

Parrhăsĭa ( Parră-), ae, f., = Parrasia, a town of Arcadia, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 20.—Hence,

Parrhăsis, ĭdis, f. adj., Parrhasian; poet. for Arcadian:

Parrhasis ursa,

the Great Bear, Ov. H. 18, 152:

Arctos,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 48:

Parrhasides stellae, i. e. septemtriones,

id. F. 4, 577.— Subst.:

Parrhasis erubuit,

i. e. Callisto, Ov. M. 2, 460.—

Parrhăsĭus, a, um, adj., Arcadian:

Parrhasius Evander,

Verg. A. 11, 31:

dea,

i. e. Carmenta, the mother of Evander, Ov. F. 1, 618:

nives,

id. ib. 2, 276:

virgo,

i. e. Callisto, id. Tr. 2, 190: pennae, i. e. given by Mercury, who was an Arcadian, Luc. 9, [p. 1306] 660:

triones,

Charles's Wain, Mart. 6, 58, 1;

called also Parrhasium jugum,

id. 6, 25, 2:

ursa,

the Great Bear, id. 4, 11, 3:

axis,

the north pole, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1281.—

Transf., Palatine, imperial (because Evander the Arcadian settled on the Palatine Hill):

Parrhasia domus,

Mart. 7, 56, 2:

aula,

id. 7, 99, 3; 8, 36, 3; 12, 15, 1.

ĭn-occĭdŭus, a, um, adj., never setting.

Lit.:

axis,

the north pole, Luc. 8, 175.—

Transf.:

visus,

ever open eyes, Stat. Th. 6, 277:

ignes,

inextinguishable, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 400:

vita continua et inoccidua,

Arn. 2, 68.

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